Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental disability that can affect each person in a variety of ways. The autistic community is diverse, and the ways individuals communicate, think and interact vary widely. Every autistic person experiences autism differently, and their needs can change over time. While some individuals may need more support in their day-to-day lives, others need less.
According to the CDC, about 1 in 36 children in the United States is diagnosed. Autism can be diagnosed in children, sometimes as early as 18 months old, as well as in adolescents and adults. Many different environmental, biologic and genetic factors may make an autism diagnosis more likely. Risk factors may include one's genes, being born to older parents and a family history of having autism, state the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Autism is not caused by poor parenting or vaccinations. It occurs in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Doctors use behavioral and developmental tests to make an autism diagnosis, because medical tests, such as blood tests, cannot diagnose the disorders. Currently, an autism diagnosis includes a developmental screening by a physician that checks if children are learning basic skills for their age, or if there are delays. Development screening is recommended at regular well-child doctor visits.
Because several factors can influence the development of autism, a separate comprehensive evaluation is also used for diagnosis. This evaluation may include some or all of the following actions: looking at the child’s behavior and development, interviewing the parents, genetic testing, hearing and vision screening and neurological and other medical testing.
Characteristics of autism may be observed during early childhood, but autism tends to go undiagnosed until much later in life, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Here are six signs to look for in early childhood:
Few or no big smiles and limited eye contact.
Little or no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles or facial expression.
Little or no response to name, no back-and-forth gestures like reaching or waving.
Little or no words.
Very few or no meaningful two-word phrases.
Avoids eye contact, delayed language development, prefers to be alone.
People, regardless of their age, can also share these behaviors and interests:
Research has shown that diagnosis and high-quality intervention at an early age can improve communication, learning and brain development. After diagnosis, WHO emphasizes that children, adolescents and adults with autism and their loved ones should receive information, services, referrals, and practical support. It’s important to learn the signs and take action early to support your child’s learning and progress. If you have questions about autism, we encourage you to talk to your child’s primary doctor.
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